What Happens in a Colonoscopy?
- A colonoscopy is a routine medical examination where the colon, or large intestine, is inspected for abnormalities with a small camera. The primary purpose of a colonoscopy is to detect possible malignant growths that could indicate colon cancer. Any small growths, such as tumors or polyps, are thoroughly examined, and a biopsy can be taken during the colonoscopy to test such growths for malignancy. Colonoscopies are recommended for anyone over the age of 50, as older people are more likely to develop cancer. Those with a family history of cancer are well advised to get colonoscopies in their 40s or earlier.
- Before a colonoscopy procedure takes place, the patient must usually take several steps to prepare as directed by her doctor. Usually the patient is directed not to eat several meals preceding the exam, and may be provided with laxatives to clear the intestines of waste that may obstruct the view of the camera. A diet low in fiber may also be required for a few days before the exam. It is also useful for patients to familiarize themselves with the procedure before it takes place; anxiety and lack of information can make patients less comfortable in the exam room.
- The actual colonoscopy exam is done by inserting a tiny camera attached to the end of a slender tube into the rectum of the patient until the camera reaches the large intestine. The doctor then maneuvers the tube in order to spin the camera as necessary to observe different portions of the colon on a screen. It is common for the patient to experience discomfort, both physiological and physical during the exam, although usually the discomfort fades after the first few minutes of the exam. The patient may be administered sedation to ease discomfort. In total most colonoscopies take from 15 minutes to an hour, but a half hour is about average. If there are growths that must be sampled, the length of the exam will be significantly increased.
- It can take up to a day after the sedative was administered to wear off after the exam, so it is important to arrange for transportation home after your colonoscopy and get plenty of rest. Bloating and discomfort of the abdomen are possible in the aftermath of the exam; walking and passing gas can alleviate discomfort. Traces of blood may be present in stools following the exam, but it should not persist--if it does contact your doctor.
